{"id":2414,"date":"2025-04-30T06:53:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T06:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/injectis.testsparkel.be\/?post_type=references&p=2414"},"modified":"2026-01-14T08:39:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T08:39:54","slug":"using-the-spin-injection-technology-in-calcareous-marl","status":"publish","type":"references","link":"https:\/\/injectis.com\/fr\/references\/using-the-spin-injection-technology-in-calcareous-marl\/","title":{"rendered":"Using the SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology in calcareous marl"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Summary<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Location<\/strong>: Paris, France.
Geology<\/strong>: Calcareous marl
Pollutant(s)<\/strong>: Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), mainly C5-C10 : 20 mg\/L ; C10-C40 : 500 \u00b5g\/L Benzene: 6.000 \u00b5g\/L ; toluene 700 \u00b5g\/L ; ethylbenzene 1.300 \u00b5g\/L ; xylene : 400 \u00b5g\/L
Reaction<\/strong>: Chemical oxidation (ISCO) + anaerobic bio-oxidation
Reagent(s)<\/strong>: Base-activated sodium persulfate
Application type<\/strong>: Grid application in the source zone
Surface\/length<\/strong>: 200 m\u00b2
Number of points<\/strong>: 10
Depth interval<\/strong>: 7,0 \u2013 10,0 m-bgl
Dosage<\/strong>: 200 l\/m<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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An air sparging and soil vapor extraction installation had been operating for several years for a volatile TPH and BTEX soil and groundwater pollution in the marl geology of the Paris Bassin. Last year, the monitoring showed a stagnation in groundwater concentrations around 20.000 \u00b5g\/L for TPH and 8.000 \u00b5g\/L for BTEX (mainly benzene). Injectis was contacted by the contractor to investigate possible optimization methods for this problem. Several technical optimizations of the available air sparging\/soil vapor extraction system had been worked out. Besides, instead of a physical removal technique to remove the remaining volatile pollutants, an in situ degradation alternative was elaborated by Injectis, using the SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology to apply the reagents in the low permeability marl. After thorough analysis, the client opted for this proposed in situ treatment for the capillary fringe zone and the saturated soil between 7 and 10 m-bgl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Reaction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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As volatile TPH and BTEX can be degraded by oxidation both chemically and biologically, it was opted for a combination of chemical and biological oxidation for these pollutants at this site. Persulfate was selected as the main oxidant and afterwards as electron acceptor. In a first stage, the persulfate serves as a chemical oxidant that chemically degrades the pollution. After the chemical oxidation reaction, a high concentrations of sulphate remains available in the groundwater, which serves as alternative electron acceptor for the anaerobic biological oxidation of the TPH and BTEX compounds. The advantage of this combination is that both the oxidant and the electron acceptor can be dosed in a concentration range of grams per litre, whereas oxygen (gaseous electron accepter) has only a maximum solubility in water of approximately 10 mg\/L. Since marl and partly weathered marl has a low permeability, the SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology was chosen to distribute the reagent homogenously in the impacted layers and to guarantee contact for an optimal result.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Reagent<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Base activated sodium persulfate has a high oxidation potential and serves as a vigorous chemical oxidant. The base used as activator compensates for the acidifying chemical oxidation reaction and keeps the pH close to neutral. After chemical oxidation, the high concentration of remaining sulphate can be used by the anaerobic bacteria as electron acceptor for the metabolic degradation of the TPH and BTEX compounds.<\/p>

The SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology tests with sand and ZVI were planned within this marine bottom aquitard between 24 and 35 m-bgl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Results<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The main goal of this pilot test was to identify an injection technique and protocol capable of reaching 35 meters depth while effectively delivering ZVI into this highly compact soil. Therefore, it has been decided to perform this pilot test with the SPIN\u00ae injection technology which was the only technique available able to reach these depths in a compacted soil. Three injection points were performed within the source zone. After an initial unsuccessful attempt, which was blocked and obstructed \u2013 mainly due to the presence of the coarse sand as propant in the injected solution \u2013 it has been decided to remove the sand from the solution. This adjustment facilitated the injection process and prevented precipitation of sand in the injection rods. As a result, the second SPIN\u00ae injection reached a depth of 27 m-bgl, while\u00a0the third injection successfully reached 35 m-bgl<\/strong>. The injection was carried out both top-down and bottom-up. A total volume of\u00a02.800 liters was injected<\/strong>\u00a0into the fractured zone, with injection volumes per meter depending on the presence of natural fractures, ranging from 50 liters to 440 liters per fracture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2250,"template":"","categories":[],"class_list":["post-2414","references","type-references","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUsing the SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology in calcareous marl - Injectis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/injectis.com\/fr\/references\/using-the-spin-injection-technology-in-calcareous-marl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using the SPIN\u00ae Injection Technology in calcareous marl - Injectis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Summary Location: Paris, France.Geology: Calcareous marlPollutant(s): Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), mainly C5-C10 : 20 mg\/L ; 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